ISPB and Prevent Blindness Illinois (PBIL) have declared April as Women’s Eye Health and Safety Month. According to Orbis International, globally there are 112 million more women than men living with vision loss, including blindness. We are offering free resources, including fact sheets, shareable social media graphics, educational videos and web pages, on a range of eye health issues that predominantly affect women.
Women have a higher prevalence of age-related macular degeneration, cataract, dry eye, glaucoma, refractive error and thyroid eye disease. According to The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020 report, the gender imbalance can be attributed to demographic factors (women living longer than men) and social factors (women having reduced access to care).
New this year, Prevent Blindness is collaborating with the Delta Gamma Foundation to share co-branded resources and information with their members on topics specifically related to women’s eye health. Additionally, Delta Gamma Alumna Lauren C. Ditta, MD, Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmologist, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, and Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center will be participating in a new episode of the Prevent Blindness Focus on Eye Health Expert Series, to address children’s vision and parent advocacy.
In another segment of the Prevent Blindness Focus on Eye Health Expert Series, Janine Austin Clayton, MD, FARVO, Associate Director for Research on Women’s Health and Director, Office of Research on Women’s Health at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), discusses a variety of women’s eye health issues including vision loss and mental health, access to eyecare, and general tips for women to keep eyes healthy in the “Women’s Eye Health and Safety” episode.
Hormones may cause women to experience changes in their vision throughout their lifetime, including during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. In fact, hormone levels change significantly during pregnancy. According to All About Vision, these changes can affect:
- Eyelids – Many pregnant women have increased pigmentation around the eyelids called melasma or chloasma.
- Corneas – The corneas may change in thickness, curvature and sensitivity during pregnancy. This can result in refractive error, which causes blurry vision. It’s also possible for women who had been wearing contact lenses before pregnancy to develop a temporary intolerance to them.
- Tear production – Pregnancy requires the work of many hormones. Sometimes these hormones can affect the tear film and lacrimal glands of the eyes, leading to dry eye syndrome.
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) – Pressure within the eye decreases during pregnancy, though it’s rare for pressure to become dangerously low while pregnant.
- Lenses – Accommodation is a function of the eye’s lens that allows it to change focus from distant vision to near vision. During pregnancy and lactation, some women have reported losing their accommodation ability.
Women who have diabetes are at higher risk for developing diabetes-related retinopathy. PBIL and ISPB strongly recommend all women alert their doctor to any changes to their vision during pregnancy.
Women who are perimenopausal (nearing menopause) or already in menopause may also experience vision changes. In fact, hormone fluctuations may cause changes in eyesight and eye shape, which may cause contact lenses to become uncomfortable. Dry eye occurs at double the rate in postmenopausal women, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO).
For more information on women’s eye health topics, including fact sheets on eye diseases and eye safety, please visit PreventBlindness.org.
